高二英语语法:虚拟语气语法
来源:未知发布时间:2019-10-30
一、语气
1.阐述语气:阐述一个事实或明确提出一种念头的语气。I don’t know anything about the accident.
2.疑惑语气:用于提问问题或了解状况的语气。Do you have a camera?
3.祈使语气:用于向另一方明确提出恳求,邀约,给与告诫,标示,警示,指令等的语气。在祈使语气中,立即用形容词原型,主语you一般省去。Come in and take a seat.
4.虚拟语气:表达一种幻想或主观性心愿。If I were you , I would forgive Mary.
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的使用方法
真正条件句
这类条件句保持的概率十分大,常见 If, unless, once, as/so long as, on condition that来正确引导。
If I have time, I will go to America.
Unless they invite me, I will not go to the party.
虚拟条件句
1.对如今状况的虚拟
对如今状况的虚拟,条件句用一般过去时,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+形容词原型”。
If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.
(事实是:我不太可能就是你,因而这仅仅一种幻想)
If the weather were fine now, we would have a picnic.
(事实是:最近天气不太好)
If I had a map now, we could easily get out of the forest.
(事实是:如今沒有地图百度)
2.对以往状况的虚拟
对以往状况的虚拟,条件句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。
If you had come yesterday, you would have met Tony.
(事实是:你昨日不来)
If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.
(事实是:你昨日协助我了)
3.对未来状况的虚拟
对未来状况的虚拟,条件句中谓语动词能用 should do, were to do或形容词的过去三种方式,主句谓语用“would/should/might/could+形容词原型”。
If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.
(事实是:我很将会没去做此项工作中)
If you should have any difficulty in getting the information, you could come directly to my office. (事实是:你将会沒有很大艰难)
If it snowed tomorrow, our plan would be postponed.
(事实是:明日很将会不容易降雪)
4.错综虚拟语气
有时候标准从句表达的姿势和主句表达的姿势产生的時间不一致,这种语句称之为错综虚拟语气。这时主从关系句的方式应依据分别所表达的時间开展调节。
If you had taken my advice then, you would not be in trouble now.
(if条件句是对以往的虚拟,故用过去完成时,而主句是对如今的虚拟,故用would do 方式)
If she were to leave , I would have heard about it.
(if条件句是对未来的虚拟,用were to do方式,而主句是对以往的虚拟,故用would have done方式)
5.委婉虚拟语气
有时候虚拟的标准并非立即根据条件句来表达,只是用一些词或语句如 without, but for, otherwise等或前后文暗示着来表明,这类语句叫委婉虚拟语气。
Without electricity (=if there were no electricity), the world would be dark.
But for your advice(=if it had not been for your advice), I would not have made such great progress.
友情提示:
虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时,能够把if除掉,随后把had, should, were提及主语前边,产生部分倒装。
If time were to go back/ Were time to go back, I would work harder.
If I had worked hard/ Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
If it should be fine tomorrow/Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go for an outing.
三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用方法
1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.1 wish后的宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表