初中英语语法讲座

来源:乐学堂发布时间:2014-02-14

  1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos

  hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos

  2bus---buses box---boxes

  watch---watches brush---brushes

  3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes

  hero---heroes negro---negroes

  4 leaf---leaves knife---knives

  5baby---babies family---families

  另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:

  chinese---chinese japanese---japanese

  englishman---englishmen frenchman---frenchmen

  russian---russians american---americans

  german --- germans

  child---children foot---feet

  man---men woman---women

  tooth---teeth goose --- geese

  deer---deer sheep---sheep

  还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of

  另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:

  class five have a foreign friend.

  五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)

  his family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如,

  our school team often plays well in our city.

  我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.

  二、 名词所有格

  名词所有格有两种形式:一是加’s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可。例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,jones’s car。

  下面我们来做一部分习题。

  1. june 1st is ___ day.

  a. child’s b. childs’ c. childrens’ d. children’s

  答案:d

  2. i need ___ paper, mum. i want to write ___ letter to my english teacher.

  a. any, some b. some, a c. a, some d. some,any

  答案:b

  3. there are two ___ and three ___ on the table.

  a. knifes, forks b. knifes, fork c. knives, forkes d. knives, forks

  答案:d

  4. we have got a lot of___ today.

  a. newspaper to read b. homework to do c. homeworks to do

  d. book to read

  答案:b

  5. we could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.

  a. many, many b. much, much c. many, much d. much, many

  答案:c

  6. will you pass me ___?

  a. a few pieces of chalk b. a few chalks c. a few of chalks

  d. some chalks

  答案:a

  7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.

  a. a friend of her b. a friend of hers c. friends of hers

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