英语专题辅导:动名词和分词用法(3)
来源:一百分发布时间:2013-02-07
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave,
catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4)现在分词作状语:
A)作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
B)作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
C)作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
D)作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
E)作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
F)作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
G)作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
H)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
H)作独立成分:
Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(三)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1、作定语:
I don't like the book written by Martin.
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2、过去分词作表语:
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水)