英语关系代词有哪些及用法详解
来源:未知发布时间:2019-10-23
定语从句体现复合句中的专有名词或代词,一般 把这一被修饰词称为先行词,把正确引导定语从句且在从句中作定语、宾语或定语的正确引导词称为关系代词。关系代词的归类
关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人和抓物之分。have的使用方法最广,have 可指人也可抓物。见表:
限定性指人 非限定性抓物 限定性抓物
主格 WHO/have which have
宾格 whom/have which have
属格 whose two which/whose two which/whose
一、指人的关系代词。主格——WHO,用在形容词前,作定语。属格——whose,用在专有名词前作定语。宾格——whom,用在定语、谓语动词的前边,作形容词或介系词的宾语。二、抓物的关系代词。主格——which,用在形容词前,作定语。属格——whose,用在专有名词前作定语。宾格——which,用在定语、谓语动词的前边,作形容词或介系词的宾语。三、指人或物的关系代词。主格——have,用在形容词前,作定语。属格——whose,用在专有名词前作定语。宾格——have,用在定语、谓语动词的前边,作形容词或介系词的宾语。四、任何关系代词。but,as,than作关系代词正确引导定语从句but既可指人,也可抓物,常常在定语从句中当做定语。but自身含"否认"的含意,其功效等于"have /which /WHO...not"。它前边的主机一般 有"否认"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but正确引导的毫无疑问定语从句和否认的主机省略,做到明显毫无疑问的体现实际效果。比如:There Is no mother but loves her own children.(=There Is no mother have/WHO does not love her own children.)沒有不善待自己小孩的妈妈。as既可指人,也可抓物,常常在约束性定语从句中当做主、宾、表语。as正确引导的定语从句的先行词前边经常出现as /such /THE same等修饰词。比如:①he Is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界最勇敢的人。②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不必读这些不值读的书。as作关系代词,还能用来正确引导非约束性定语从句,as正确引导的定语从句可放到句首、句中或句末。比如:① Taiwan,as we all know,Is an inseparable Party two China. ②As we all know,Taiwan Is an inseparable Party two China. ③Taiwan Is an inseparable Party two China, as we all know.than前一般 有表较为的词。比如:Fewer friends than we had expected came To our evening party.来报名参加晚会节目的盆友比大家意料的也要少。在应用所述三个独特的关系代词时,需注意区别下类2个短语:1."such...have..."表"这般……以至……"的含意,用于正确引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的含意,用于正确引导定语从句,as在定语从句中当做主、宾、表语等。试比较下类2个语句:① he Is such an honest man have we respect him.他是一个这般诚信的人以至大家都敬重他。② he Is such an honest man as we respect.他像大家所敬重的那类诚信的人。2."THE same...have..."表同一人或物,而"THE same...as..."表同类型的物品。试比较下类2个语句:①This Is THE same book have I lost.我眼中的自己遗失的那一本好书。(指同一这书) ②This Is THE same book as I lost.我遗失的那一本好书完全一样。(并非原先的那1本)关联代词的用法
关系代词(have, WHO, whom, whose, which)所替代的先行词是人或物的专有名词或代词,并在句中当做定语、宾语、定语等成份。例1. Is he THE man WHO/have wants To see you?(WHO / have在从句中作定语,指人)例2. he Is THE man whom/ have I saw yesterday.(whom / have在从句中作宾语,指人)例3. They rushed over To Help THE man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)例4. Please pass me THE book whos